彻底颠覆美国选举政治的“多选排名制”(Ranked-Choice Voting)

这十年来，美国政治两极化日益严重。左右温和派不仅人数减小，在两党的权重也逐步降低。而传统的两党初选制度进一步加剧了两极化的现象。往往初选候选人都要把自己的观点极端化来迎合党内的基本盘，才能脱颖而出，成为本党的唯一代表。到了大选，选民就要面对来自两大党的两位极端人物，很多选民对选项不满，不是选自己喜欢的，而是选较少讨厌的，甚至为狙击自己无法忍受的候选人给对立方投票。民主有效性大打折扣。在地方选举已暂露头角的多选排名制就可以缓解这个现象。

在多选排名制中，选民不只是勾选一位，而且可以勾选第二选择，表达出如果自己第一选择被淘汰后的再次选择，甚至还可以在同张选票上勾出第三选择，第四选择等等。唱票时，首轮大家的第一选择比较，只淘汰末位。第一选择被淘汰的选民第二选择升为第一选择，再进行末位淘汰，直到出现第一选择过半数的候选人。这样就避免了多人分票后，得票第一人反而是被多数人讨厌的情况。仅仅让人数不过半的基本盘喜爱不够，还要让大多数接受的人才能选上。

如果党内初选用多选排名制选出数个胜者，而不是一位，大选时再用多选排名制，往往胜者会是更能被多方面接受的领袖，减轻政治斗争激化选战永远不停的现象。

多选排名制并非现代的创造，该系统最初是在19世纪50年代发明的，用于欧洲选举，后来用于澳大利亚的州级选举。 美国城市在20世纪初开始实施，现在使用多选排名制有波特兰（缅因州）、旧金山、奥克兰（加利福利亚州）、明尼波利斯和圣保罗（明尼苏达州）等。此外，使用多选排名制的美国私人协会包括科幻小说的雨果奖，电影艺术与科学学院选择奥斯卡最佳影片，以及超过50所学院和大学的学生选举。

多选排名制并非要取代选举人制度，并不偏向于某个政党。让选民能表达出更多的意愿，会使民主体现的更加彻底。能更好体现选民意愿，能选出更广支持的领袖，才是更好的选举制度。2020年民主党初选人已过20，再创记录，多选排名制能及时启用吗？

 * * * * * * * *

About
Ranked-choice voting (RCV) is a type of ranked preferential voting method used in single-seat elections with more than two candidates.

How it works
Ballots are initially counted for each voter's top choice. If a candidate has more than half of the vote based on first-choices, that candidate wins. If not, then the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated. The voters who selected the defeated candidate as a first choice then have their votes added to the totals of their next choice. This process continues until a candidate has more than half of the votes. When the field is reduced to two, it has become an "instant runoff" that allows a comparison of the top two candidates head-to-head. (from wiki)

Ranked Choice Voting vs The Corrupt Establishment

Benefits of Ranked-Choice Voting
Ranked-choice voting (RCV) makes democracy more fair and functional. It works in a variety of contexts. It is a simple change that can have a big impact.

With ranked choice voting, voters can rank as many candidates as they want in order of choice. Candidates do best when they attract a strong core of first-choice support while also reaching out for second and even third choices. When used as an "instant runoff" to elect a single candidate like a mayor or a governor, RCV helps elect a candidate that better reflects the support of a majority of voters. When used as a form of fair representation voting to elect more than one candidate like a city council, state legislature or even Congress, RCV helps to more fairly represent the full spectrum of voters. (from FairVote)
 

Using RCV now
In the United States, IRV is used by several municipalities and other jurisdictions including San Francisco and Oakland, California, and Minneapolis and St. Louis Park, Minnesota. Maine became the first U.S. state to approve CRV for its primary and general elections for governor, U.S. Senate, U.S. House and state legislature, in a 2016 referendum. (from wiki)

In the News
Ranked-choice voting system could deepen democracy, prevent polarization. The Indian Express. May 8, 2019
What Is Ranked-Choice Voting? An Exercise in Representative Democracy, Reformists Say. FORTUNE. May 7, 2019.
Place ranked-choice voting on the ballot. Nashville needs more democracy, not less. Tennessean | Opinion. May 6, 2019.
A Washington group is pushing for ranked choice voting. What is it?. KREM.COM. May 6, 2019
Making the case for ranked-choice voting. The Hill. Apr. 17, 2019.
Ranked-choice voting could come to Colorado cities in 2019. Is the statewide ballot next? The Colorado Sun. Dec. 19, 2018
Ranked-choice voting worked in Maine. Now we should use it in presidential races. USA TODAY. Nov. 16, 2018
市長選舉或由優先選擇投票決定. 世界日报. 2018年06月03日.
优先选择投票被旧金山选民普遍采用（组图）. 亚太报道. 2018年11月15日.

To be updated.
Organized by Power Voter.