Following the initial gag order, Trump’s lawyers began complaining about Greenfield’s habit of passing notes to Engoron during proceedings and accusing her of “eye rolls and constant whispering.”

Engoron then issued a second gag order prohibiting all lawyers working on the trial “from making any public statements, in or out of court, that refer to any confidential communications, in any form, between my staff and me.”

Hours after an associate justice on the appeals court temporarily paused the gag orders on Nov. 16, Trump seized on the opportunity to publicly bash Greenfield, lashing out at her and Engoron on social media. “His Ridiculous and Unconstitutional Gag Order, not allowing me to defend myself against him and his politically biased and out of control, Trump Hating Clerk, who is sinking him and his Court to new levels of LOW, is a disgrace,” Trump wrote.

On Thursday, shortly after the appeals court reinstated the gag orders, Trump trained his sights on a new target: Engoron’s family. On his social media site, Truth Social, the former president shared a series of posts from far-right activist Laura Loomer attacking Engoron’s wife and son. One of Loomer’s posts purported to show an image of a person she described as the judge’s son standing alongside New York Attorney General Tish James, who brought the civil fraud lawsuit against Trump. Other posts claimed that the judge’s wife had posted anti-Trump images on X, formerly known as Twitter.

In an email to POLITICO, Engoron’s wife, Dawn Engoron, said the X account in question “does not belong to me. I do not have a Twitter account. I have never posted any anti Trump messages.”

“This is the Judge’s Wife and Family that are putting these things out,” Trump wrote on Truth Social as he shared one of Loomer’s messages. “I am not entitled to a Jury under this Statute. Can this be happening in America? This is the most unfair Trial in the History of New York, and I’ve had some pretty unfair Trials!”

Engoron has previously said that his chambers “have been inundated with hundreds of harassing and threatening phone calls, voicemails, emails, letters and packages,” and he has warned repeatedly during the trial about the possibility of violence stemming from political rhetoric. But he has refrained from expanding his gag orders to include comments about anyone other than his staff.

In a statement Thursday, Trump lawyer Chris Kise said the appeals court decision marked a “tragic day for the rule of law.”

“In a country where the First Amendment is sacrosanct, President Trump may not even comment on why he thinks he cannot get a fair trial. Hard to imagine a more unfair process and hard to believe this is happening in America,” Kise said.

Trump is separately challenging a gag order that was imposed by a federal judge in Trump’s Washington, D.C., criminal case for election interference. That gag order is on hold while a federal appeals court weighs its scope.

Betsy Woodruff Swan contributed to this report.