Before the House vote, Speaker Kevin McCarthy and the White House had spent weeks negotiating the bill that raised the debt ceiling through 2024 and cut spending, which Republicans had demanded as a condition for increasing the nation’s borrowing limit.

Senate leaders largely stayed out of the discussions, allowing McCarthy to take the lead for Republicans in talks with the White House.

“It took a lot of work and a lot of positioning,” Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) said in an interview. “I have to give President Biden and particularly his negotiators credit, nothing but the highest praise for them. And I think at this point, we feel that the final product was as good as we could hope for.”

Despite the agreement to allow amendments, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer had stressed that any changes to the bill would force the measure back to the House and guarantee tipping the nation into default. None of the amendments the Senate considered had a real chance at passing, but they allowed frustrated senators to let off steam and gave a semblance of political cover.

This time, it wasn’t just conservatives demanding amendment votes. Sen. Tim Kaine (D-Va.) was furious that the bill included a provision to build the Mountain Valley Pipeline, which would run through his state. Kaine got a vote on his amendment, which failed, then supported the legislation’s final passage.

The legislation would raise the debt ceiling until Jan. 1, 2025, increase some work requirements on federal safety net programs, install two years of budget caps and rescind some IRS funding from Democrats’ party line legislation last year.

The budget caps on defense, which would limit national defense spending at the administration’s $886 billion proposal for fiscal 2024, incensed Senate defense hawks, including Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.), who demanded that Schumer and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell give written assurances of a plan to include a standalone, supplemental bill on defense funding.

The two party leaders delivered that statement before voting began. Schumer said on the Senate floor that he negotiated with Republicans to ensure the bill won’t limit efforts to pass emergency aid packages for Ukraine, as well as deal with other urgent needs.

“The Republicans came to us — the Republican senators were not happy with the caps that the Republican House members had agreed to. And so they came to us and said, ‘Well, what about if we need money for Ukraine? What if we need money for these things? The caps may be too low,’” Schumer said in a press conference after the vote.

He added: “So McConnell and I put out a joint statement that we would look at finding ways to fund things that were really needed through emergency and other ways, but also through the regular appropriations process, which was always going to go forward. So that’s what it basically said. And when they came to me and asked me to do this, I said, ‘Yeah, that’s a good idea.’”