2021

Abortion

1. Do you generally support pro-choice or pro-life legislation?
- Pro-choice

Budget

1. In order to balance the budget, do you support an income tax increase on any tax bracket?
- Yes

2. Do you support expanding federal funding to support entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare?
- Yes

Campaign Finance

1. Do you support the regulation of indirect campaign contributions from corporations and unions?
- Yes

Crime

1. Do you support the protection of government officials, including law enforcement officers, from personal liability in civil lawsuits concerning alleged misconduct?
- No

Defense

Do you support increasing defense spending?
- Unknown Position

Economy

1. Do you support federal spending as a means of promoting economic growth?
- Yes

2. Do you support lowering corporate taxes as a means of promoting economic growth?
- No

3. Do you support providing financial relief to businesses AND/OR corporations negatively impacted by the state of national emergency for COVID-19?
- Yes

Education

1. Do you support requiring states to adopt federal education standards?
- Unknown Position

Energy and Environment

1. Do you support government funding for the development of renewable energy (e.g. solar, wind, geo-thermal)?
- Yes

2. Do you support the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions?
- Yes

Guns

1. Do you generally support gun-control legislation?
- Yes

Health Care

1. Do you support repealing the 2010 Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")?
- No

2. Do you support requiring businesses to provide paid medical leave during public health crises, such as COVID-19?
- Yes

Immigration

1. Do you support the construction of a wall along the Mexican border?
- No

2. Do you support requiring immigrants who are unlawfully present to return to their country of origin before they are eligible for citizenship?
- No

National Security

1. Should the United States use military force to prevent governments hostile to the U.S. from possessing a weapon of mass destruction (for example: nuclear, biological, chemical)?
- No

2. Do you support reducing military intervention in Middle East conflicts?
- Unknown Position

Trade

Do you generally support removing barriers to international trade (for example: tariffs, quotas, etc.)?
- Yes

Congressional Election 2004 National Political Awareness Test

Abortion

1. Abortions should always be illegal.
- No Answer

2. Abortions should always be legal.
- X

3. Abortions should be legal only within the first trimester of pregnancy.
- No Answer

4. Abortions should be legal when the pregnancy resulted from incest or rape.
- X

5. Abortions should be legal when the life of the woman is endangered.
- X

6. Prohibit the dilation and extraction procedure, also known as "partial-birth" abortion.
- No Answer

7. Prohibit public funding of abortions and of organizations that advocate or perform abortions.
- No Answer

8. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Budgetary, Spending, and Tax Issues, Part 1: Budget Priorities

1. Agriculture
- Maintain Status

2. Arts
- Maintain Status

3. Defense
- Maintain Status

4. Education
- Greatly Increase

5. Environment
- Maintain Status

6. Homeland security
- Slightly Increase

7. International aid
- Slightly Increase

8. Law enforcement
- Greatly Increase

9. Medical research
- Slightly Increase

10. National parks
- Maintain Status

11. Public health services
- Slightly Increase

12. Scientific research
- Slightly Increase

13. Space exploration programs
- Slightly Increase

14. Transportation and highway infrastructure
- Maintain Status

15. Welfare
- Slightly Increase

16. Other or expanded categories
- No Answer

Budgetary, Spending, and Tax Issues, Part 2: Defense Spending

1. Armed Forces personnel training
- Maintain Status

2. Intelligence operations
- Slightly Increase

3. Military hardware
- Maintain Status

4. Modernization of weaponry and equipment
- Slightly Increase

5. National missile defense
- Slightly Increase

6. Pay for active duty personnel
- Maintain Status

7. Programs to improve troop retention rates
- Maintain Status

8. Research and development of new weapons
- Maintain Status

9. Troop and equipment readiness
- Maintain Status

10. Other or expanded categories
- No Answer

Budgetary, Spending, and Tax Issues, Part 3: Taxes (A)

1. Less than $25,000
- Greatly Decrease

2. $25,000-$75,000
- Slightly Decrease

3. $75,000-$150,000
- Slightly Decrease

4. Over $150,000
- Maintain Status

5. Other or expanded categories
- No Answer

6. Over $40,000
- Maintain Status

7. Alcohol taxes
- Slightly Increase

8. Capital gains taxes
- Slightly Increase

9. Cigarette taxes
- Slightly Increase

10. Corporate taxes
- Slightly Increase

11. Gasoline taxes
- Slightly Increase

12. Inheritance taxes
- Slightly Increase

13. Charitable contributions
- Maintain Status

14. Child tax credit
- Slightly Increase

15. Earned income tax credit
- Slightly Increase

16. Medical expense deduction
- Maintain Status

17. Mortgage deduction
- Maintain Status

18. Student loan credit
- Slightly Increase

Budgetary, Spending, and Taxes, Part 3: Taxes (B)

1. Do you support permanent repeal of the federal estate tax?
- Yes

2. Do you support eliminating taxes on dividends paid to individual investors?
- Undecided

3. Should a married couple filing jointly pay the same taxes as if they were an unmarried couple filing separately?
- No

4. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Campaign Finance and Government Reform

1. Support public taxpayer funding for federal candidates who comply with campaign spending limits.
- X

2. Increase the amount individuals are permitted to contribute to federal campaigns.
- No Answer

3. Prohibit Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions to candidates for federal office.
- No Answer

4. Allow unregulated soft money campaign contributions to political parties or committees.
- No Answer

5. Allow ads paid for by soft money that support or attack a candidate for federal office.
- No Answer

6. Allow issue advocacy commercials by corporations, labor unions, and non-profit groups which appear within 60 days of a general election and within 30 days of a primary election.
- X

7. Remove all contribution limits on federal campaigns and parties.
- No Answer

8. Do you support instant run-off voting (IRV)?
- No Answer

9. Should Election Day be a national holiday?
- No Answer

10. Should same-sex couples be allowed to form civil unions?
- No Answer

11. Should marriage be restricted to a union only between a man and a woman?
- No Answer

12. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Crime

1. Support the use of the death penalty for federal crimes.
- X

2. Eliminate the use of the death penalty for federal crimes.
- No Answer

3. Impose "truth in sentencing" for violent criminals so they serve full sentences with no chance of parole.
- X

4. Support programs to provide prison inmates with vocational and job-related skills and job-placement assistance when released.
- X

5. Support programs to provide prison inmates with drug and alcohol addiction treatment.
- X

6. Reduce prison sentences for those who commit non-violent crimes.
- X

7. Support additional criminal penalties if a fetus is killed in the commission of a federal crime against a pregnant woman.
- No Answer

8. Require that crimes based on gender, sexual orientation, and disability be prosecuted as federal hate crimes.
- No Answer

9. Support programs that provide job training and placement services for at-risk youth.
- X

10. Impose stricter penalties for those convicted of white-collar crimes.
- No Answer

11. Enforcement of civil rights should primarily be the responsibility of the federal government.
- X

12. Minors accused of a violent crime should be prosecuted as adults.
- No Answer

13. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Drug

1. Support mandatory jail sentences for selling illegal drugs.
- X

2. Expand federally sponsored drug education and drug treatment programs.
- X

3. Decriminalize the possession of small amounts of marijuana.
- X

4. Allow doctors to prescribe marijuana to their patients for medicinal purposes.
- X

5. Increase border security to stop the flow of illegal drugs into the United States.
- X

6. Eliminate federal funding for programs associated with the "war on drugs."
- No Answer

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Education

1. Support national standards for and testing of public school students.
- X

2. Allow parents to use vouchers (equal opportunity scholarships) to send their children to any public school.
- No Answer

3. Allow parents to use vouchers (equal opportunity scholarships) to send their children to any private or religious school.
- No Answer

4. Allow teachers and professionals to receive authorization and funding to establish charter schools.
- No Answer

5. Increase funding for block grants to states to aid in the hiring of additional teachers.
- No Answer

6. Support teacher testing and reward teachers with merit pay.
- No Answer

7. Increase funding for school capital improvements (e.g. buildings, infrastructure, technology).
- No Answer

8. Support granting states limited control over Head Start programs.
- No Answer

9. Support changing the mission of Head Start to emphasize improving the math and reading skills of disadvantaged children.
- No Answer

10. Providing education is not a responsibility of the federal government.
- No Answer

11. Support affirmative action in public college admissions.
- X

12. Increase funding of programs such as Pell grants and Stafford loans to help students pay for college.
- X

13. Support federal tax incentives to help families save for college.
- No Answer

14. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Employment and Affirmative Action

1. Increase funding for national job-training programs that re-train displaced workers or teach skills needed in today's job market.
- No Answer

2. Reduce government regulation of the private sector in order to encourage investment and economic expansion.
- No Answer

3. Provide tax credits or grants to businesses that offer child care services to employees.
- No Answer

4. Encourage employers to offer flex-time scheduling, comp-time, and unpaid leave for family emergencies.
- X

5. Eliminate all federal programs designed to reduce unemployment.
- No Answer

6. Increase the federal minimum wage.
- X

7. Support the right of workers to strike without fear of being permanently replaced.
- X

8. Allow workers to sell company stock and to diversify their company retirement funds into other investment options.
- No Answer

9. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

10. The federal government should consider race and gender in government contracting decisions.
- No Answer

11. The federal government should discontinue affirmative action programs.
- No Answer

12. The federal government should continue affirmative action programs.
- X

13. Include sexual orientation in federal anti-discrimination laws.
- X

Environment and Energy

1. Strengthen the regulation and enforcement of the Clean Water Act.
- X

2. Strengthen the regulation and enforcement of the Clean Air Act.
- X

3. Require states to compensate citizens when environmental regulations limit uses of privately-owned land.
- No Answer

4. Relax logging restrictions on federal lands.
- No Answer

5. Relax standards on federal lands to allow increased recreational usage.
- No Answer

6. Support increased development of traditional energy resources (e.g. coal, natural gas, oil).
- X

7. Strengthen emission controls and fuel efficiency standards on all gasoline and diesel-powered engines, including cars, trucks, and sport utility vehicles.
- No Answer

8. Support opening a select portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for oil exploration.
- No Answer

9. Encourage further development and use of alternative fuels to reduce pollution.
- No Answer

10. Support the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel.
- No Answer

11. Allow energy producers to trade pollution credits.
- No Answer

12. Support the U.S. re-entering the Kyoto treaty process to limit global warming.
- No Answer

13. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Gun

1. Renew the ban on the sale or transfer of semi-automatic guns, except those used for hunting.
- X

2. Maintain and strengthen the current level of enforcement of existing federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.
- No Answer

3. Ease federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.
- No Answer

4. Repeal federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.
- X

5. Allow citizens to carry concealed guns.
- No Answer

6. Require manufacturers to provide child-safety locks on guns.
- No Answer

7. Require background checks on gun sales between private citizens at gun shows.
- X

8. Require a license for gun possession.
- X

9. Establish a national database of ballistic "fingerprints" to track guns used in criminal activities.
- No Answer

10. Support legislation that would protect manufacturers, distributors, dealers, and importers of firearms from civil lawsuits by crime victims.
- No Answer

11. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Health

1. Providing health care is not a responsibility of the federal government.
- No Answer

2. Implement a universal health care program to guarantee coverage to all Americans regardless of income.
- X

3. Support a Patient's Bill of Rights which includes appeal mechanisms when claims are denied.
- X

4. Support a Patient's Bill of Rights which includes the right to sue when claims are denied.
- X

5. Expand eligibility for tax-free medical savings accounts.
- No Answer

6. Establish limits on the amount of punitive damages awarded in medical malpractice lawsuits.
- No Answer

7. Support expanding prescription drug coverage under Medicare.
- X

8. Support expanding prescription drug coverage under private managed care plans.
- No Answer

9. Offer tax credits to individuals and small businesses to offset the cost of insurance coverage.
- No Answer

10. Support automatic enrollment of children in federal health care programs such as CHIP and Medicaid.
- X

11. Allow 55-65 year-olds to buy into Medicare.
- No Answer

12. Support stem cell research on existing lines of stem cells.
- No Answer

13. Allow laboratories to create new lines of stem cells for additional research.
- No Answer

14. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Immigration

1. Decrease the number of legal immigrants allowed into the country.
- No Answer

2. Establish English as the official national language.
- No Answer

3. Increase the number of visas issued for agricultural workers.
- X

4. Relax restrictions barring legal immigrants from using social programs (e.g. public housing, food stamps).
- X

5. Support amnesty for certain illegal immigrants who already reside in the United States.
- X

6. Support the detention of asylum seekers from countries known to sponsor terrorism.
- No Answer

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

International Aid, International Policy, and Trade Issues, Part 1: International Aid

1. Aid should be granted to countries when extraordinary circumstances cause disaster and threaten civilian lives.
- X

2. Aid should be granted to countries when it is in the security interests of the United States.
- No Answer

3. Aid should be eliminated for any nation with documented human rights abuses.
- No Answer

4. Aid programs should be scaled back and eventually eliminated.
- No Answer

5. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

International Aid, International Policy, and Trade Issues, Part 2: International Policy

1. Should the United States continue to provide leadership in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process?
- No Answer

2. Should the United States support the creation of a Palestinian state?
- No Answer

3. Should the United States withdraw its troops from Iraq?
- Yes

4. Discuss your proposals for the reconstruction of Iraq. What funding sources would you use to implement these proposals? (75 words or less. Please use an attached page if the space below is not adequate.)
- No Answer

5. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

6. Should the United States use diplomatic and economic pressure to encourage North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons program?
- No Answer

7. Should the United States use military force to destroy the North Korean nuclear weapons program?
- No Answer

8. Should the United States remove the North Korean government from power?
- No Answer

9. Should the United States increase financial support to Afghanistan?
- Yes

10. Should the United States increase military support to Afghanistan?
- Yes

11. Should the United States maintain its financial support of the United Nations?
- Yes

12. Should the United States decrease its financial support of the United Nations?
- No

13. Should the United States commit troops to United Nations peacekeeping missions?
- No Answer

14. Should the United States lift the travel ban to Cuba?
- No Answer

15. Should the United States increase its financial support to Colombia to combat "the war on drugs"?
- No Answer

16. Should aid to African nations for AIDS prevention programs fund distribution of contraceptives?
- Yes

17. Should aid to African nations for AIDS prevention fund abstinence education?
- No Answer

International Aid, International Policy, and Trade Issues, Part 3: International Trade

1. Do you support the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
- Yes

2. Do you support the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?
- Yes

3. Do you support continued U.S. membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
- Yes

4. Should a nation's human rights record affect its normal trade relations (most favored nation) status with the United States?
- Undecided

5. Do you support the trade embargo against Cuba?
- Undecided

6. Should trade agreements include provisions to address environmental concerns and to protect workers' rights?
- Yes

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

National Security

1. Do you support using military tribunals to try suspected terrorists when ordinary civilian courts are deemed inappropriate or impractical?
- No

2. Should the United States adopt stricter rules for student visa applications from nations known to sponsor terrorism?
- Yes

3. Should the United States grant law enforcement agencies greater discretion to read mail and email, tap phones, and conduct random searches to prevent future terrorist attacks?
- Undecided

4. Should the United States hold foreign states accountable for terrorists who operate in their country?
- Yes

5. Should the federal government increase funding to states and cities for homeland security?
- Undecided

6. Do you support a policy of pre-emptive strikes against countries deemed to be a threat to national security?
- No

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Social Security

1. Allow workers to invest a portion of their payroll tax in private accounts which they manage themselves.
- No Answer

2. Allow workers to invest a portion of their payroll tax in private accounts managed by private firms contracted by the government.
- No Answer

3. Invest a portion of Social Security assets collectively in stocks and bonds instead of United States Treasury securities.
- No Answer

4. Increase the payroll tax to better finance Social Security in its current form.
- No Answer

5. Lower the annual cost-of-living increases.
- X

6. Raise the retirement age for when individuals are eligible to receive full Social Security benefits.
- No Answer

7. Other of expanded principles
- No Answer

Technology and Communication

1. Collect taxes on commercial Internet transactions.
- X

2. Continue the moratorium on Internet taxation.
- X

3. Implement regulation of Internet content.
- X

4. Support government mandates to curtail violent and sexual content on television.
- X

5. Support strict penalties for Internet crimes (e.g. hacking, identity theft, worms/viruses).
- X

6. Support legislation to detail how personal information can be collected and used on the Internet.
- X

7. Regulating the Internet is not a responsibility of the federal government.
- No Answer

8. Impose regulations on "spam" emails.
- X

9. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Welfare and Poverty

1. Require welfare recipients to spend at least 40 hours a week in a combination of work and training programs.
- No Answer

2. Increase funding for child care programs.
- X

3. Continue to give states and local governments flexibility in and responsibility for welfare programs through federal block grants.
- X

4. Direct federal poverty aid through religious, community-based, or other non-profit organizations.
- No Answer

5. Abolish all federal welfare programs.
- No Answer

6. Support housing assistance for low-income families.
- X

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Legislative Priorities

On an attached page, disk, or via email, please explain in a total of 75 words or less, your top two or three priorities if elected. If they require additional funding for implementation, please explain how you would obtain this funding.
- No Answer

2019

Abortion

1. Do you generally support pro-choice or pro-life legislation?
- Pro-choice

Budget

1. In order to balance the budget, do you support an income tax increase on any tax bracket?
- No

2. In order to balance the budget, do you support reducing defense spending?
- Yes

Campaign Finance

1. Do you support the regulation of indirect campaign contributions from corporations and unions?
- Unknown Position

Economy

1. Do you support federal spending as a means of promoting economic growth?
- Yes

2. Do you support lowering corporate taxes as a means of promoting economic growth?
- Yes

Education

1. Do you support requiring states to adopt federal education standards?
- Yes

Energy & Environment

1. Do you support government funding for the development of renewable energy (e.g. solar, wind, thermal)?
- Yes

2. Do you support the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions?
- Yes

Guns

1. Do you generally support gun-control legislation?
- Yes

Health Care

1. Do you support repealing the 2010 Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")?
- No

Immigration

1. Do you support the construction of a wall along the Mexican border?
- No

2. Do you support requiring immigrants who are unlawfully present to return to their country of origin before they are eligible for citizenship?
- No

Marijuana

Do you support the legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes?
- Unknown Position

National Security

1. Should the United States use military force in order to prevent governments hostile to the U.S. from possessing a nuclear weapon?
- No

2. Do you support increased American intervention in Middle Eastern conflicts beyond air support?
- No